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1. Give full attention: be mentally present and stop all multitasking.
2. Physically orient toward the speaker: body, eyes, and hands aligned and open.
3. Seek deep understanding: grok their ideas, emotions, and wants.
   • Suspend judging the message or planning your response until understanding is complete.
4. Signal engagement: use natural cues such as nods, short verbal signals, and subtle mirroring.
5. Confirm understanding and connect: paraphrase, validate their feelings and intentions, and respond appropriately.