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A sender constructs a message using codes and channels the receiver can understand. Common resources include:

• Words and language
• Symbols and visual cues
• Tone of voice and vocal features (pitch, pace, volume)
• Body language (posture, gestures, eye contact, facial expression)
• Medium-specific elements (images, diagrams, emojis, formatting)

Essence → The sender chooses forms of expression that fit the receiver and support the sender’s intended meaning and purposes.