A Classification System for Editing Text

Goals

1. Describe a classification system for editing.
   
2. Skillfully use this system to optimize editing (best results with the least effort).

What

There are many reasons for editing text, and this can feel overwhelming.
It is also easy to over-edit and make text worse instead of better.

What we want is a tool: a clear system that helps us look at text, identify the best reasons for editing, and apply those — while avoiding edits that are unnecessary or even harmful.

Why

1. Produce great text.
   
2. Do the minimum work needed.
   
3. Gain clarity: know exactly what you need to do.

How

1. Develop a classification system (CS).
   
2. Use the CS to examine text and spot which reasons for editing are relevant.
   
3. Select the best reasons and apply them.

A Classification System for Editing

1. Substance (What it is)

• Accuracy: Fix factual errors or incorrect word use.
  
• Completeness: Add what is necessary to make the text sufficient.
  
• Distinction: Clarify boundaries so terms don’t overlap or blur.

2. Flow (How it reads)

• Conciseness: Cut unnecessary words.
  
• Clarity: Use plain, direct language.
  
• Structure: Organize for parallel form and logical order.

3. Emphasis (What sticks)

• Core Idea: Highlight the key message.
  
• Examples: Add vivid, concrete illustrations.
  
• Contrast: Make differences between ideas clear.

4. Persuasive Appeal (How it convinces)

• Ethos: Establish credibility and trust.
  
• Pathos: Connect emotionally so the reader cares.
  
• Logos: Strengthen reasoning with evidence and logic.

5. Audience Fit (Who it’s for)

• Accessibility: Match the reader’s level of knowledge.
  
• Tone: Choose a style that resonates (academic, practical, inspiring).
  
• Relevance: Align with what the reader values.

6. Logic / Coherence (Does it hang together)

• Internal Consistency: Avoid contradictions.
  
• System Fit: Ensure it meshes with surrounding material.
  
• Progression: Maintain a natural, logical flow of ideas.

Practice

When you edit:
1. Ask which category (or categories) apply.
2. Make only those edits.
3. Stop when the edits fulfill the goals — no more, no less.

This way, editing becomes intentional, efficient, and rewarding.